| Product Includes | Product # | Quantity | Mol. Wt | Isotype/Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phospho-Atg14 (Ser29) (D4B8M) Rabbit mAb | 92340 | 20 µl | 65 kDa | Rabbit IgG |
| Atg14 (D1A1N) Rabbit mAb | 96752 | 20 µl | 65 kDa | Rabbit IgG |
| Phospho-Beclin-1 (Ser15) (D4B7R) Rabbit mAb | 84966 | 20 µl | 60 kDa | Rabbit IgG |
| Beclin-1 (D40C5) Rabbit mAb | 3495 | 20 µl | 60 kDa | Rabbit IgG |
| Phospho-Atg13 (Ser355) (D6J1W) Rabbit mAb | 26839 | 20 µl | 72 kDa | Rabbit IgG |
| Atg13 (D4P1K) Rabbit mAb | 13273 | 20 µl | 72 kDa | Rabbit IgG |
| ULK1 (D8H5) Rabbit mAb | 8054 | 20 µl | 150 kDa | Rabbit IgG |
| Phospho-ULK1 (Ser757) (D7O6U) Rabbit mAb | 14202 | 20 µl | 140-150 kDa | Rabbit IgG |
| Phospho-ULK1 (Ser555) (D1H4) Rabbit mAb | 5869 | 20 µl | 140-150 kDa | Rabbit IgG |
| Anti-rabbit IgG, HRP-linked Antibody | 7074 | 100 µl | Goat |
Please visit cellsignal.com for individual component applications, species cross-reactivity, dilutions, protocols, and additional product information.
Description
The ULK1 Substrate Antibody Sampler Kit provides an economical means of detecting the activity of ULK1 using phospho-specific and control antibodies. The kit includes enough antibody to perform two western blot experiments with each primary antibody.
Storage
Background
Two related serine/threonine kinases, UNC-51-like kinase 1 and 2 (ULK1, ULK2), were discovered as mammalian homologs of the C. elegans gene unc-51 in which mutants exhibited abnormal axonal extension and growth (1-4). Both proteins are widely expressed and contain an amino-terminal kinase domain followed by a central proline/serine rich domain and a highly conserved carboxy-terminal domain. The roles of ULK1 and ULK2 in axon growth have been linked to studies showing that the kinases are localized to neuronal growth cones and are involved in endocytosis of critical growth factors, such as NGF (5). Yeast two-hybrid studies found ULK1/2 associated with modulators of the endocytic pathway, SynGAP, and syntenin (6). Structural similarity of ULK1/2 has also been recognized with the yeast autophagy protein Atg1/Apg1 (7). Knockdown experiments using siRNA demonstrated that ULK1 is essential for autophagy (8), a catabolic process for the degradation of bulk cytoplasmic contents (9,10). It appears that Atg1/ULK1 can act as a convergence point for multiple signals that control autophagy (11), and can bind to several autophagy-related (Atg) proteins, regulating phosphorylation states and protein trafficking (12-16).~AMPK, activated during low nutrient conditions, directly phosphorylates ULK1 at multiple sites, including Ser317, Ser555, and Ser777 (17,18). Conversely, mTOR, which is a regulator of cell growth and is an inhibitor of autophagy, phosphorylates ULK1 at Ser757 and disrupts the interaction between ULK1 and AMPK (17). ULK1 has been shown to phoshorylate several targets in the autophagy pathway, including Ser29 of Atg14, Ser15 of Beclin-1, and Ser355 of Atg13 (19-22).
- Ogura, K. et al. (1994) Genes Dev 8, 2389-400.
- Kuroyanagi, H. et al. (1998) Genomics 51, 76-85.
- Yan, J. et al. (1998) Biochem Biophys Res Commun 246, 222-7.
- Yan, J. et al. (1999) Oncogene 18, 5850-9.
- Zhou, X. et al. (2007) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104, 5842-7.
- Tomoda, T. et al. (2004) Genes Dev 18, 541-58.
- Matsuura, A. et al. (1997) Gene 192, 245-50.
- Chan, E.Y. et al. (2007) J Biol Chem 282, 25464-74.
- Reggiori, F. and Klionsky, D.J. (2002) Eukaryot Cell 1, 11-21.
- Codogno, P. and Meijer, A.J. (2005) Cell Death Differ 12 Suppl 2, 1509-18.
- Stephan, J.S. and Herman, P.K. (2006) Autophagy 2, 146-8.
- Okazaki, N. et al. (2000) Brain Res Mol Brain Res 85, 1-12.
- Young, A.R. et al. (2006) J Cell Sci 119, 3888-900.
- Kamada, Y. et al. (2000) J Cell Biol 150, 1507-13.
- Lee, S.B. et al. (2007) EMBO Rep 8, 360-5.
- Hara, T. et al. (2008) J Cell Biol 181, 497-510.
- Kim, J. et al. (2011) Nat Cell Biol 13, 132-41.
- Egan, D.F. et al. (2011) Science 331, 456-61.
- Park, J.M. et al. (2016) Autophagy 12, 547-64.
- Russell, R.C. et al. (2013) Nat Cell Biol 15, 741-50.
- Joo, J.H. et al. (2011) Mol Cell 43, 572-85.
- Egan, D.F. et al. (2015) Mol Cell 59, 285-97.
Background References
Trademarks and Patents
Limited Uses
Except as otherwise expressly agreed in a writing signed by a legally authorized representative of CST, the following terms apply to Products provided by CST, its affiliates or its distributors. Any Customer's terms and conditions that are in addition to, or different from, those contained herein, unless separately accepted in writing by a legally authorized representative of CST, are rejected and are of no force or effect.
Products are labeled with For Research Use Only or a similar labeling statement and have not been approved, cleared, or licensed by the FDA or other regulatory foreign or domestic entity, for any purpose. Customer shall not use any Product for any diagnostic or therapeutic purpose, or otherwise in any manner that conflicts with its labeling statement. Products sold or licensed by CST are provided for Customer as the end-user and solely for research and development uses. Any use of Product for diagnostic, prophylactic or therapeutic purposes, or any purchase of Product for resale (alone or as a component) or other commercial purpose, requires a separate license from CST. Customer shall (a) not sell, license, loan, donate or otherwise transfer or make available any Product to any third party, whether alone or in combination with other materials, or use the Products to manufacture any commercial products, (b) not copy, modify, reverse engineer, decompile, disassemble or otherwise attempt to discover the underlying structure or technology of the Products, or use the Products for the purpose of developing any products or services that would compete with CST products or services, (c) not alter or remove from the Products any trademarks, trade names, logos, patent or copyright notices or markings, (d) use the Products solely in accordance with CST Product Terms of Sale and any applicable documentation, and (e) comply with any license, terms of service or similar agreement with respect to any third party products or services used by Customer in connection with the Products.